2.2.8 Advice on Signed versus Unsigned

• We have seen multiple ways in which the subtle features of unsigned arith- metic, and especially the implicit conversion of signed to unsigned, can lead to errors or vulnerabilities. One way to avoid such bugs is to never use unsigned numbers

2.3 Integer Arithmetic

• Many beginning programmers are surprised to find that adding two positive num- bers can yield a negative result, and that the comparison x < y can yield a different result than the comparison x-y < 0

2.3.1 Unsigned Addition

 

2.3.2 Two’s-Complement Addition